The Arga region. The group of valleys and districts, in the centre of which Pamplona lies, is what we call the Pamplona basin. In not very distant times, when this area was Basque-speaking, it was known by the name of Iruñerri. Pamplona, the native Iruña, sits on a wide plateau on the River Arga, in the middle of a vast mountain range. The accesses to this area are the passes of Loiti, Belate, El Perdón and the course of the Arga, Ulzama, Larraun, Araquil, Elorz, etc. rivers. The tributaries and sub tributaries of the Arga form a fan that converges in this wide central area, coming down from the mountain ranges and hills of Sayoa, Urkiaga, Erreguerena, the mountain of Basaburua, Aralar, Alzania, the northern area of Urbasa and Andía, the mountains of Goñi, Etxauri, Perdón, Sarbil, Izko and Alaiz. A wide and rich basin that drains through Puente la Reina and Mendigorría towards Larraga, Berbinzana, Miranda, Falces, Peralta and Funes. Its upper basin, Basaburua, Ulzama and Esteribar, is for timber and livestock. The middle basin is a cereal-growing area, with Pamplona, an industrial emporium. The lower basin is a privileged area for canning asparagus, artichokes, peppers, fruit, etc. the mountains and the capital we can appreciate a vast expanse of land, with changing colours depending on the season. In spring it offers us the greenery of its of broad beans and alfalfa and the grids of wheat, barley and oats, until they are out of sight. In summer, with the greens in retreat, the geometry of the landscape is in shades of tan and yellow, furrowed by the bustle of the combine harvesters. In autumn, the rows of yellow poplars, golden poplars or red flames against the vast horizon, absorb the attention. In winter, the desolation of the wind sweeping across the brown . Some flocks of sheep behind the grassy shoots, with shepherd and dog, roam the barren patches the . And you can see the villages better, mysteriously distributed, climbing small hills, like a watchman. All these lands, organised into cendeas and valleys, have always been Pamplona's larder. Cendeas of Ansoain, Iza, Olza, Cizur and Galar. Valleys of Aranguren, Egüés, Ezcabarte, Esteribar, Gulina, Juslapeña and Elorz. This central area of Navarre extends to the east, with the valley of Ibargoiti, as far as the Alto de Loiti. To the northwest, with the valley of Burunda and part of Araquil, until it joins the plains of Alava.