Religious Orders

FRANCISCANS

Historical events. In the 13th century, on the occasion of the visit of Saint Francis of Assisi to the Basque Country on his way to Compostela, Franciscan convents were founded in Vitoria (1214), Pamplona (1230), Bayonne (1242), Tudela (1275?), Olite (1243 or 1345), and in the following century Bermeo (1357) and Miranda de Ebro (1397). At least those of Izaro Forua (1427), Bilbao (1446 or 1475), Orduña (1471), Labastida (1447), Viana (1440), Azpeitia (1497) and Piedrola de Campezu (1473) date back to the 15th century. The Aránzazu (1514), Sasiola de Deva (1504), Elgoibar (1516), Mondragón (1582) and Tolosa (1587) were founded. In the 17th century, the number of convents continued to increase, with those of San Sebastián (1606), Zarauz (1610), Vitoria (1635), and La Puebla de Arganzón (1670). This does not include those of nuns, ten of which were founded in Guipúzcoa alone in the 16th century: Santa Ana and Vidaurreta, in Oñate (1509), Mondragón (1511), Segura (1519), Elgoibar (1533), Azcoitia (1589), and in the 17th century those of Santísima Trinidad de Vergara (1600), Zarauz (1611), Santa Clara de Tolosa (1612), Isasi de Eibar (1618). This excessive boom alarmed the General Assemblies of Motrico, which met in 1612 and were forced to restrict foundations to those established with all kinds of licences and permits. When they met again in 1699, they once again presented to the king the inconvenience of such an increase due to the difficulties of sustaining them. A royal provision of 28 February 1708 stipulated that they could not be founded without royal and provincial licences. These houses of retreat, prayer and teaching of friars were suppressed by the Spanish law of 1836, but the dissolution was not put into effect because of the state of civil war. Only in Navarre did the law affect the convents of Pamplona, Tudela, Viana, Estella, Sangüesa, Tafalla, Rocaforte and Arizcun. After peace was d in 1839, the Spanish government tolerated the existence of these convents, although their assets were d Spanish national property. Despite all this, the nuns continued to own their properties until 1851, when a Concordat was signed the Queen of Spain and the Pope. According to one of its articles, the houses of nuns which, in addition to the contemplative life, also included the education and teaching of girls or charitable works, should be preserved.