Date of the battle. It was established by Dümmler by studying a manuscript discovered by Weflin-Trall in the National Library of Paris with the epitaph of Aggiardi, one of the warriors who died at Roncesvalles. The Latin manuscript bears the no. 4841. It states the date of his death: Qui obiit die XVIII Kalendas septembrias (corresponding to August 15). The epitaph and its translation are as follows: (see table). The pale limbs are enclosed in this humble tomb, but the spirit turns to the sublime stars. Born of illustrious birth, from Frankish blood, he was soon destined for all honors. A light, shining beard covered his purple cheeks. Alas! The beautiful youth died. Aggiardo was named after his father and was the first in the king's court. Insatiable death used iron to drag him into the shadows, but perpetual light raised him to the celestial stars. At the time Karolo set foot on the sands of Hispania, he died for the world, but he lives forever for God. The Italian weeps, and the Frank grieves; Aquitaine and Germania lament as well. But you, O Vincent, illustrious martyr, pray for him to the sovereign God. He lies in this tomb, but only buried in the flesh, since he paved the luminous path and lives in the divine court. And you Christians, who cross the doors of the sacred temple, pray from your heart to the Son of God the Father. Say all: O God, in your great mercy, forgive the sins of your servant Aggiardo, who died on the eighteenth of the kalends of September. May he rest happily in peace. (Translation by JML)