The Historians. It is truly interesting that it was precisely a Basque, Don Rodrigo Ximénez de Rada, who vindicated the victory of Roncesvalles for the Vascones. The Navarrese Rada, a 12th-century historian, lived in the midst of the legendary Roldanian fervor. The myth popularized by Friar Turoldo apparently did not have a following in the academic circles of Paris, because that was where Rada studied. Parallel to the legend and Roldanian superstition lived a history based on sources. Two other historians, one Basque, Oihenart, and the other Béarn, Pierre Marca, both from the 17th century, also emerged from the ranks of historical truth, adopting the testimonies of Eginhard and the Annales Regii as their own. Oihenart devotes three pages, 23, 24 and 25, to narrating the authentic Battle of Roncesvalles, giving the literal testimony of the author of Vita Karoli Magni. And we can say the same of our great analyst Moret. Already in the 19th century, the battle served as the subject of an apocryphal poem, see GARAY DE MONGLAVE, François Eugène. In our time, the Navarrese historian Arturo Campín, and, much later, Lacarra and Jimeno Juró, have devoted some of their research to the subject of Roncesvalles.Bernardo ESTORNÉS LASA