A commune situated in the north-eastern part of the French Basque Country, within the historical region of Zuberoa. Mauléon is the capital and also the main town of the canton of the same name, which comprises a total of 19 communes. The current name of Mauléon-Licharre (Maule-Lextarre) stems from the merger of the two communes over a century ago, specifically in 1841. The commune currently covers an area of 12.8 km² and comprises three districts: the Haute Ville (Upper Town), the Basse Ville (Lower Town) and Licharre.
It borders Viodos to the north, Gotein and Roquiague to the south, Roquiague and Chéraute to the east, and Gotein, Garindein and Aïnharp to the west.
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